[Editar Grupo][Cambios]Bayer objects

Many of the brighter stars are given names which are known as Bayer designations. These designations, which were introduced by Johann Bayer in his star atlas Uranometria (named after Urania) in 1603, consist of a Greek letter followed by the genitive (in Latin) of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names. .

[Editar lista de miembros][Cambios]Objetos

α CMa	α Car	α Boo	α¹ Cen	α Lyr
α Aur	β Ori	α CMi	α Eri	α Ori
β Cen	α Aql	α Tau	α Sco	α Vir
β Gem	α PsA	β Cru	α Cyg	α¹ Cru
α² Cen	α Leo	ε CMa	γ Cru	λ Sco
γ Ori	β Tau	β Car	ε Ori	α² Cru
α Gru	ε UMa	γ² Vel	α Per	α UMa
δ CMa	ε Sgr	ε Car	η UMa	θ Sco
β Aur	α TrA	γ Gem	α Pav	δ Vel
β CMa	α Gem	α Hya	α Ari	α UMi
σ Sgr	β Cet	ζ Ori	α And	β And
κ Ori	θ Cen	β UMi	α Oph	β Gru
β Per	β Leo	γ Cen	γ Cyg	λ Vel
α Cas	δ Ori	α CrB	γ Dra	ζ Pup
ι Car	γ¹ And	β Cas	ζ UMa	ε Sco
ε Cen	α Lup	η Cen	δ Sco	β UMa
α Phe	ε Peg	κ Sco	β Peg	η Oph
γ UMa	α Cep	η CMa	ε Cyg	γ Cas
α Peg	κ Vel	α Cet	ζ Cen	δ Leo
ζ Oph	α Lep	γ Crv	δ Cen	ζ Sgr
γ¹ Leo	β Lib	θ Aur	β¹ Sco	β Ari
α Col	β Crv	α Ser	δ Cas	η Boo
β Lup	ι Aur	μ Vel	α Mus	υ Sco
π Pup	ε Boo	δ Sgr	γ Aql	δ Oph
η Dra	ι Cen	α² Lib	θ Car	ι Ori
β Her	β Oph	γ Lup	β Eri	β Dra
β Hyi	δ Cru	ρ Pup	ζ Her	λ Sgr
τ Sco	γ Peg	ε Vir	β Lep	ζ Per
β TrA	β Ara	α Hyi	α Tuc	η Tau
δ Cyg	δ Cap	μ Gem	α Gem	ε Per
γ TrA	π Sco	σ Sco	π Sgr	β CMi
α² CVn	β Aqr	γ Per	τ Pup	η Peg
γ Eri	δ Crv	α Ara	α Aqr	ε Gem
ε Leo	ε Aur	γ² Sgr	ζ Aql	β Tri
ζ Tau	ε Crv	γ Hya	δ Per	υ Car
ψ UMa	γ Gru	ζ CMa	ο² CMa	γ Boo
ι¹ Sco	ο Cet	μ Cen	μ UMa	β Mus
γ UMi	δ Dra	μ¹ Sco	β¹ Cyg	β Cap
ζ Hya	ν Hya	η Sgr	α Ind	β Col
α Lyn	λ Cen	κ Cen	ζ Ara	ι UMa
δ Her	π Her	η Aur	ν Pup	θ UMa
ζ Dra	φ Sgr	π³ Ori	ε Lep	α Cir
κ Oph	ζ Cyg	γ Cep	δ Lup	θ Aql
β Cep	θ¹ Eri	γ Hyi	ε Oph	γ Lyr
σ Pup	η Ser	δ And	α Dor	α Pic
π Hya	θ Oph	δ Aqr	η Gem	σ Lib
ι Dra	β Phe	μ Lep	δ UMa	ω Car
τ Sgr	η Sco	ξ Pup	θ Leo	γ Ara
ν Oph	α Ret	ζ Cep	η Ori	ξ Gem
ο UMa	δ Aql	ζ Vir	ε Lup	ε Cas
ε Hya	δ Vir	ρ Per	θ² Tau	ζ Peg
γ Phe	α Tri	ν Cen	ζ Lup	η Lup
μ Her	β Pav	η Cep	η Cas	ζ Leo
λ Aql	η Cet	λ UMa	β Lyr	γ Cet
λ Tau	σ CMa	χ Car	δ Boo	γ Sge
ν UMa	α¹ Her	μ Peg	ε Gru	τ Cet
β Boo	α Tel	ξ² Sgr	β Cnc	ο Leo
η Leo	ι Cep	ε Tau	δ Gem	μ Ser
η Her	θ Peg	δ Eri	λ Ori	φ Vel
ξ Hya	ξ Ser	ζ Lep	ι Lup	ι Cet
φ Eri	υ4 Eri	δ Crt	φ¹ Lup	δ Pav
κ Gem	μ² Sco	χ Dra	α² Cap	λ Gem
ρ Boo	υ Lib	ε Cru	θ Cet	ο Tau
τ Ori	γ Lep	θ Gem	κ UMa	ψ Vel
λ Hya	β Vir	η Psc	δ Mus	ζ² Sco
δ Ara	η Pav	ο And	β Del	λ Mus
γ Tau	γ Vir	α Dra	β Ind	ζ Cas
τ Lib	θ Ara	β Ser	α Pyx	γ Vir
β CrB	γ Cap	τ4 Eri	π4 Ori	γ Psc
χ Eri	ξ Her	η Lep	χ UMa	ε Ser
β Aql	π5 Ori	δ Aur	ξ Cyg	τ Cyg
ζ Cet	ε Eri	ξ Tau	ζ Cap	λ Aqr
ζ Aur	γ Her	γ Oph	ξ Dra	δ Cep
η Per	δ¹ Tau	β Dor	η Ara	ν Oct
ι Peg	ν Per	β Vol	ο Sgr	κ Cyg
α Del	ε Aqr	α Lac	γ² Vol	ζ Gem
ι Gem	ι² Cyg	κ Per	υ UMa	γ² Leo
δ Ser	δ Ser	ι Her	σ Ori	δ Lep
μ Hya	υ² Eri	λ Oph	δ Sge	λ And
ο Per	φ Cen	α Aps	ο Her	ε Dra
θ¹ Tau	λ Dra	γ CrB	γ Aqr	β Ret
β Pic	δ Col	ω CMa	ρ Leo	γ Ser
δ TrA	α Sct	α Hor	τ Cen	θ Her
μ Sgr	μ And	α For	ε Col	ο¹ CMa
γ Mus	κ Dra	υ¹ Cen	κ¹ Lup	ε Phe
θ Hya	μ Leo	μ Vir	ρ Sco	η Eri
π Cen	η Vir	τ Her	γ Aps	η Cyg
η Aql	ι Gru	ν Tau	ι Hya	σ Cen
γ Lib	ζ Phe	ε Her	α Equ	ν Eri
α Mon	ρ¹ Sgr	κ Phe	δ Cnc	ι Leo
ν Cyg	δ Phe	τ Per	ν² CMa	ζ Vol
ζ UMa	χ Lup	λ Peg	η Col	κ CMa
ρ Cen	ω¹ Sco	ε Pav	ν Aur	β Pyx
α Sgr	δ¹ Gru	γ Mon	δ Vol	γ Tuc
υ Cet	α Vol	γ Tri	γ Pyx	θ Dra
ν Sco	ζ Pav	β¹ Sgr	τ² Aqr	ω Psc
μ Eri	ι Cnc	α Crv	γ² Nor	ε Aql
ρ Cyg	η Aqr	β Cam	ν Vir	μ¹ Cru
ε Del	ξ Per	ο¹ Eri	ζ Cru	ι Per
σ Leo	ψ Cen	θ Boo	ρ Lup	λ Lup
ζ And	υ Gem	ε¹ Ara	φ Per	δ Cet
ο² Ori	θ CMa	α Cha	υ Boo	β Cir
θ Cap	α Crt	γ Crt	ι Vir	μ Cep
υ And	δ Hyi	τ³ Eri	φ² Ori	κ Ser
ι Eri	ε Hyi	γ Cha	ε Mus	ε TrA
α CrA	β CrA	ω Cap	δ² Gru	θ Per
μ Ori	γ CMa	υ¹ Hya	ο Vir	ζ Gru
ζ Tel	ι Sgr	κ Peg	ι Psc	μ Per
θ CrB	ψ Cap	κ And	ν Gem	δ Mon
η Cru	θ Lib	ε CrB	β Oct	κ Cas
δ Hya	θ Aqr	ε PsA	ρ Gem	λ Boo
κ Vir	ε Cep	ξ Peg	σ Her	ζ Ori
β LMi	δ PsA	ψ¹ Aqr	κ¹ Tau	φ Dra
β Sct	λ Pav	θ Cep	γ Pav	φ Aqr
ζ Tuc	ψ Per	τ6 Eri	θ Lup	ε UMi
χ Cyg	σ Cyg	π² Cyg	β Aps	α¹ Cap
φ And	κ Eri	π Cet	γ Dor	α Cnc
α Ant	ο Psc	π Aur	β Cha	β CVn
β Com	τ Vir	φ Her	ο Ser	μ Cet
τ5 Eri	λ Eri	γ¹ Vel	ξ² Cen	μ Lup
γ² Del	ι Aqr	ε Psc	ξ² Cet	υ Tau
τ Tau	σ Gem	β Hya	φ Oph	ι Cap
θ Gru	θ Psc	λ Per	μ Tau	δ³ Tau
α Cam	λ Lep	β² Sgr	ν Cep	ξ Cep
π² Peg	β PsA	ι And	η Hya	υ Leo
δ² Lyr	α Scl	λ Leo	η Crv	μ¹ Boo
γ CMi	δ Oct	ο Lup	ζ UMi	ω² Sco
θ Cas	α Psc	ξ¹ CMa	θ¹ Cru	ω Lup
ν Ser	κ Lyr	ζ Mon	υ² Cen	σ Oph
ι PsA	θ² Eri	δ Ari	δ Dor	κ Aur
ε Vol	θ Cha	τ² Lup	π Pav	π And
η Phe	σ Per	π² Ori	κ Lep	γ Col
ρ Hya	γ Com	χ Cen	δ UMi	ξ Pav
ζ¹ Lyr	θ Lyr	ι Aql	β¹ Tuc	ε And
ξ¹ Cet	κ Col	ι CMa	α Sge	β Sge
θ¹ Sgr	β Scl	θ Vir	ι Oph	ω Eri
ξ Oph	η Lyr	κ Cep	θ Ind	ψ² Aqr
τ CMa	δ Ind	υ Peg	ψ Phe	φ¹ Ori
χ¹ Ori	τ Gem	ξ UMa	λ Her	ν Her
π Cep	γ Scl	η And	π Eri	ν Ori
σ Lup	χ Oph	ζ² Aqr	δ Psc	ο² Eri
ν³ CMa	ζ Boo	λ Ser	δ Del	υ Cyg
β Lac	ν Psc	ε Ret	ε Mon	σ Hya
κ Pav	α Vul	α Cae	ι Lep	δ² Cha
ω Oph	τ Dra	μ Aql	β For	ρ Ori
κ Leo	σ Boo	λ Gru	γ PsA	τ¹ Eri
π6 Ori	φ Leo	ε Nor	ξ Ori	λ CMa
β Crt	θ Cyg	δ Tuc	α Sex	δ Equ
ω² Aqr	ο Pup	τ Boo	ψ Oph	μ PsA
λ Psc	ε Tuc	τ Psc	γ Ret	υ¹ Eri
γ Pic	ε Ant	γ Cir	ρ Dra	η Ind
ν Aqr	σ And	ι Cas	τ Aur	λ Vir
ι Ser	ρ Her	ν And	ε Tel	λ Cyg
β Psc	β² Tuc	ο Cas	ξ² CMa	κ² Boo
ψ Boo	ι¹ Lib	φ² Lup	ρ Cas	γ¹ Cae
ξ Boo	ο Sco	δ Ret	τ¹ Lup	ω Ori
τ² Hya	ω Her	δ Scl	κ Pyx	ψ¹ Dra
μ Phe	ψ² Ori	φ UMa	σ Ara	δ CrA
π Dra	ζ¹ Aqr	β Mon	π² UMa	τ¹ Hya
υ² Hya	ι Ant	ο Boo	τ Peg	θ And
υ Sgr	ξ Psc	υ Ori	λ Cru	χ Her
μ Oph	ζ Ser	θ¹ Ser	υ² Cas	ε Ari
ε Ari	ω Per	γ Cam	χ² Ori	χ Leo
δ CrB	ι¹ Nor	υ Oph	ι Tau	ν Pav
θ CrA	φ Psc	τ8 Eri	ρ Tau	π¹ Ori
η Nor	χ Psc	τ9 Eri	γ Cnc	π Vir
χ Vir	ο Dra	ν Aql	π Aqr	ψ Peg
χ Cet	θ Lep	τ UMa	ψ¹ Lup	γ Mic
π¹ Cyg	π CMa	δ¹ Aps	ζ Sct	σ Dra
ζ Del	ε Cap	η² Hyi	ν For	π Tau
σ² Tau	λ Pyx	ι Cru	γ¹ Sgr	φ Cyg
γ Equ	ξ Aqr	ε Ind	ο Aqr	π Per
λ Cet	π Leo	θ Crt	ο Hya	γ Sct
ω Sgr	χ Cas	λ Aur	ω UMa	ξ Aql
ε Mic	ι Phe	κ Ret	ζ Dor	θ Pyx
μ Mus	θ² Cru	π Lup	δ Nor	δ Sct
λ Cas	ζ Crt	ζ¹ Sco	μ Aqr	κ Cap
μ¹ Cyg	ψ Cas	ο¹ Ori	υ Aur	κ Lib
γ² Ari	σ Cet	τ² Eri	ν Hyi	ι Boo
ψ² Lup	ζ CrA	ο Cep	φ¹ Cet	υ Psc
χ Aur	ρ UMa	ρ Ser	υ Her	τ CrB
ν Cap	φ¹ Pav	λ¹ Phe	ξ Sco	λ Ara
ζ Aps	ρ Cap	θ Oct	λ Ari	ψ² Aur
θ Ant	ψ Vir	μ¹ Gru	ο Peg	χ Peg
ξ Cas	ζ Eri	δ² Tau	σ² UMa	η Mus
σ Vir	ω Dra	η Scl	ψ Eri	δ Pic
φ Vir	ω Boo	ι² Sco	ν Tuc	π Lup
κ CrB	σ Ser	υ Dra	θ¹ Mic	σ Aqr
υ¹ Cas	ω And	γ¹ Ari	κ¹ Cet	ο Col
θ Dor	ε Crt	ζ Boo	π Ser	ν¹ Sgr
η Sct	μ Psc	γ² And	ε Cet	ζ Hyi
η Cap	ν Peg	ξ Vir	ξ¹ Cen	ξ CrB
ψ Sgr	ρ Gru	η Gru	κ Tuc	ν Cet
μ Aur	ε Cir	δ Tri	λ Col	ξ UMa
ν² Dra	λ Tel	ε CrA	τ Cas	ξ And
ρ Vir	ν¹ Dra	ρ Pav	σ Cas	ν Cas
ρ Cet	ζ Ari	ζ Pyx	δ Pyx	ζ Ind
ω For	ο Gem	ε Sct	ι Tel	α Mic
ρ Peg	ψ¹ Aur	φ³ Hya	ε Cha	η Aps
ζ TrA	δ Lib	β² Sco	ψ Cyg	τ PsA
δ Hor	λ Lyr	γ CrA	π Cas	τ And
ω² Tau	ω Aur	χ Gem	χ¹ Hya	π¹ Boo
ε Lib	κ Nor	ψ Sco	μ Nor	ξ Tel
κ Psc	φ Tau	ψ¹ Ori	τ Leo	ψ Hya
η UMi	κ Aql	ρ Aql	ω¹ Cyg	ψ And
ν Phe	θ UMi	δ¹ Tel	ι Ret	ξ Col
φ Gem	ω Hya	ξ Leo	φ Cas	χ And
θ² Ser	ψ³ Aqr	ω Cas	β Hor	σ Aur
ξ Aur	ε CMi	ι CrB	γ¹ Nor	ν² Sgr
γ CrA	υ PsA	δ For	μ CMa	ν¹ Lup
κ Her	ζ Sge	ω¹ Aqr	η Tuc	κ Hyi
η² Dor	θ PsA	ζ Scl	θ Col	ψ4 Aur
ψ7 Aur	ν¹ Boo	ν² Boo	ρ Oph	ο Pav
κ Ari	η² Pic	λ Lib	χ¹ Sgr	κ Aqr
κ Cha	λ Cep	β Cae	γ Sex	ι¹ Mus
η Tel	κ Del	ι Ind	ν Dor	κ Hya
ε Aps	ε¹ Lyr	χ Aqr	λ Hyi	δ Cae
σ¹ Tau	φ Aur	ζ² CrB	ξ Sco	δ² Tel
θ² Ori	ξ¹ Sgr	μ Cap	φ Peg	β³ Tuc
τ² Ari	α Men	β Sex	λ Crt	δ Cir
κ TrA	ι Ari	η Sge	υ Cap	ε Oct
μ² Gru	φ Phe	μ Hor	ε Dor	ζ Cha
θ Cir	μ CrB	β² Cyg	ο Aql	ν Mic
ι Mic	π PsA	γ¹ Oct	ε Boo	ξ¹ Lup
μ Lyr	φ² Pav	θ¹ Ori	ο¹ Cen	λ CrA
π Phe	χ Phe	φ For	λ Dor	π Gem
ζ CMi	χ Cnc	σ¹ UMa	ξ Cnc	υ Vir
θ Nor	ε² Lyr	ω Pav	γ¹ Del	ο² Cen
ζ² Mus	α¹ Lib	μ Ara	υ Pav	α Oct
ρ Tel	μ Ind	β Equ	σ Peg	μ Cas
ξ Eri	μ Col	μ² Cru	η Cir	τ¹ Ser
κ Tel	σ Aql	ρ And	ι Scl	ω Gem
η Crt	σ Phe	φ² Cet	γ Men	κ For
ψ³ Aur	θ Vol	ο¹ Cnc	σ³ Cnc	ν Lib
ν¹ CrB	ο Oph	υ Aqr	υ Phe	ζ Hor
δ Sex	ζ Crv	ρ Phe	π Ari	ψ6 Aur
ρ² Cnc	α Com	α Com	χ Sco	τ Cap
α Psc	ψ Tau	ρ Aur	η Ant	ω Ser
κ Ara	ε Equ	ζ Psc	ζ² Ret	τ7 Eri
η Ret	κ Cnc	ε Sex	φ Boo	τ Oph
μ CrA	φ Cap	θ Scl	π Scl	ψ5 Aur
η CMi	δ¹ CMi	ι Ara	π Ara	ν² Lyr
π Cap	ν Hor	ρ³ Eri	ν Leo	χ Boo
η Ari	κ Dor	η Pyx	δ² Aps	ι TrA
χ Aql	γ³ Oct	μ For	μ Hyi	τ¹ Ari
κ² Tau	χ Oct	ι Lyr	ω¹ Aql	φ Aql
σ Cap	η Vol	ε² Ara	ξ Gru	λ Oct
ν Ind	ν Lep	μ² Cnc	θ² Sgr	ζ Mic
χ Cap	φ³ Cet	ε Scl	η Hor	λ Pic
β Men	ν² Col	μ Lib	μ² Pav	μ Scl
ρ² Eri	η Cnc	χ Ser	ψ¹ Psc	π² Cnc
π For	λ Hor	θ Cnc	ψ Leo	ν Tel
ξ Oct	ι Cha	ω Vir	ι Tuc	χ Tau
κ¹ Vol	υ Lup	ε² Lyr	ρ Aqr	κ Gru
ρ Psc	η¹ Pic	π² Dor	η Del	ρ Tuc
γ² For	ν² CrB	α² Her	β Mon	ι Vol
κ² Scl	ι Hor	ω Leo	η Lib	ρ CrB
ι Aps	σ Pav	κ¹ Scl	ζ Oct	η PsA
ν Ari	τ Cnc	χ³ Sgr	ι Del	λ PsA
ω² Cyg	λ² Tuc	ζ Pic	θ Men	σ² Cnc
ν Cnc	ν Cha	λ CrB	λ Nor	ψ² Dra
ι Oct	ξ² Lib	ξ Ari	η³ For	η Men
ο Aur	κ Men	η Cha	δ¹ Cha	ρ Her
φ Oct	σ Oct	ν Gru	ι Crt	σ Ari
κ¹ Aps	ι Pav	η¹ CrA	τ Oct	σ Psc
σ Scl	ε Tri	ω¹ Tau	σ Col	π² Col
θ Aps	ζ4 Lib	ρ² Cep	π Tuc	λ² Phe
θ Mus	ο CrB	ψ Oct	ι Hyi	μ¹ Cha
θ TrA	τ Aql	ο Gru	θ Hyi	ε Men
η Mic	ο Ind	φ Gru	ζ¹ Ret	ρ For
μ Men	φ Ser	ψ² Psc	ψ³ Psc	π¹ Hyi
ψ¹ Psc	π¹ Dor	δ Ant	π CrB	π Psc
φ¹ Cnc	ρ Oct	ι² Nor	κ Oct	η CrB
δ¹ Lyr	λ Cap	π¹ Peg	ξ Scl	δ² CMi
ε Pyx	κ¹ Sgr	β Mon	α¹ CVn	φ4 Cet
ι Pic	λ Ori	ν Pic	η² CrA	υ Gru
θ Ari	ξ² Lup	κ² Ind	π² Gru	ρ³ Ari
ζ¹ Cnc	ζ Men	π¹ UMa	ζ¹ Lib	σ CrB
κ² Sgr	π Men	κ² Vol	π Cha	π¹ Oct
π² Oct	ν² Lup	κ² Aps	κ² CrA	σ¹ Cnc
ε Sge	τ¹ Aqr	ο² Cnc	δ Mic	τ Scl
π² Hyi	μ Ari	κ² Cet	δ Men	γ¹ Vol
κ² Lup	ξ Phe	μ Pic	ν¹ CMa	τ³ Gru
ζ For	χ² For	η¹ Dor	χ² Hya	υ Ser
τ Phe	π Aql	θ Del	ψ Cnc	θ Pav
ζ² Lyr	γ² Oct	γ Hor	ζ¹ Mus	ι¹ For
ρ¹ Eri	υ¹ Cnc	ι¹ Cyg	μ¹ Pav	ο Ari
θ² Mic	υ Oct	υ CrB	λ² For	ν Men
ψ¹ Dra	ξ¹ Lib	μ Dra	δ³ CMi	τ7 Ser
ζ Nor	ζ³ Lib	ι² For	ω¹ Cnc	μ Dra
ρ¹ Cep	ξ Men	ξ² Cap	σ² Gru	θ Ret
ψ9 Aur	ρ² Sgr	π² Boo	ψ Ser	ε For
λ² Scl	λ¹ For	σ For	κ Cru	ρ² Ari
ω Oct	η¹ TrA	ν¹ Lyr	υ Aql	η² For
ψ For	ρ Oph	ζ² Ant	τ5 Ser	κ Crt
τ Oph	ο Cap	ρ¹ Cnc	λ Cnc	μ¹ Cnc
ζ¹ CrB	μ¹ Oct	τ For	τ6 Ser	ζ¹ Cnc
ε¹ Lyr	ω² Aql	φ² Hya	β Mic	τ¹ Gru
ι Men	ρ Ind	λ¹ Scl	τ² Hyi	ι² Lib
η CrB	μ² Cyg	ζ Cir	θ Phe	ω Phe
κ Pic	π¹ Col	τ³ Ser	γ Ind	κ¹ Ind
θ Tuc	ψ Crt	γ¹ For	τ8 Ser	σ Hyi
ν¹ Col	ζ¹ Ant	η Oct	π Ind	ζ² Cnc
η Car	λ¹ Tuc	τ² Ser	κ Her	υ Car
ψ Aql	θ Pic	τ Pav	σ¹ Gru	ζ Psc
φ² Cnc	ε Cnc	ο Lib	ν Sco	μ Tel
ω² Cnc	φ² Cnc	κ¹ CrA	τ¹ Hyi	γ² Cae
ξ¹ Cap	υ² Cnc	ζ Cae	λ UMi	χ¹ For
ι Pic	γ Cru	ζ PsA	ψ8 Aur	θ Sge
χ³ For	μ² Boo	η¹ For	π¹ Cnc	λ Men
μ² Oct	ι Cnc	μ² Cha	π¹ Gru	ι² Mus
σ CrB	κ¹ Boo	θ¹ Ori	θ¹ Ori	ο Cap
ο Oph	δ Ori	ζ¹ Ant	θ¹ Ori

SKY-MAP.ORG

[Editar Grupo][Cambios]Bayer objects

[Editar lista de miembros][Cambios]Objetos

[Editar][Cambios]Enlaces Externos