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Unconstrained Astrometric Orbits for Hipparcos Stars with Stochastic Solutions
A considerable number of astrometric binaries whose positions on the skydo not obey the standard model of mean position, parallax, and linearproper motion were observed by the Hipparcos satellite. Some of themremain undiscovered, and their observational data have not been properlyprocessed with the more adequate astrometric model that includesnonlinear orbital motion. We develop an automated algorithm, based on``genetic optimization,'' to solve the orbital fitting problem in themost difficult setup, when no prior information about the orbitalelements is available (from, e.g., spectroscopic data or radial velocitymonitoring). We also offer a technique to accurately compute theprobability that an orbital fit is bogus, that is, that an orbitalsolution is obtained for a single star, and to estimate the probabilitydistributions for the fitting orbital parameters. We test this method onHipparcos stars with known orbital solutions in the catalog and furtherapply it to 1561 stars with stochastic solutions, which may beunresolved binaries. At a confidence level of 99%, orbital fits areobtained for 65 stars, most of which have not been known as binary. Itis found that reliable astrometric fits can be obtained even if theperiod is somewhat longer than the time span of the Hipparcos mission,that is, if the orbit is not closed. A few of the new probable binarieswith A-type primaries with periods 444-2015 days are chemically peculiarstars, including Ap and λ Bootis types. The anomalous spectra ofthese stars are explained by admixtures of light from the unresolved,sufficiently bright and massive companions. We estimate the apparentorbits of four stars that have been identified as members of the ~300Myr old Ursa Major kinematic group. Another four new nearby binaries mayinclude low-mass M-type or brown dwarf companions. Follow-upspectroscopic observations in conjunction with more accurate inclinationestimates will lead to better estimates of the secondary mass. Similarastrometric models and algorithms can be used for binary stars andplanet hosts observed by SIM and Gaia.
| Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion
Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binariesin the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motiondifferences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Δμ), accelerations ofproper motions (μ˙), and second derivatives of proper motions(μ̈). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can beestimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs ofastrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significantproper motion differences and the other of binaries with significantaccelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations betweenthe astrometric observables Δμ, μ˙, and μ̈ andthe orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkabledifference between the distribution of spectral types of stars withlarge accelerations but small proper motion differences and that ofstars with large proper motion differences but insignificantaccelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample ofbinaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in theHipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated bysolar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point outthat the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longerthan about 6 yr).
| The status of Galactic field λ Bootis stars in the post-Hipparcos era
The λ Bootis stars are Population I, late B- to early F-typestars, with moderate to extreme (up to a factor 100) surfaceunderabundances of most Fe-peak elements and solar abundances of lighterelements (C, N, O and S). To put constraints on the various existingtheories that try to explain these peculiar stars, we investigate theobservational properties of λ Bootis stars compared with areference sample of normal stars. Using various photometric systems andHipparcos data, we analyse the validity of standard photometriccalibrations, elemental abundances, and Galactic space motions. Therecrystallizes a clear picture of a homogeneous group of Population Iobjects found at all stages of their main-sequence evolution, with apeak at about 1 Gyr. No correlation of astrophysical parameters such asthe projected rotational velocities or elemental abundances with age isfound, suggesting that the a priori unknown mechanism, which createsλ Bootis stars, works continuously for late B- to early F-typestars in all stages of main-sequence evolution. Surprisingly, the sodiumabundances seem to indicate an interaction between the stars and theirlocal environment.
| Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases
We have investigated the variation of coronal X-ray emission duringearly post-main-sequence phases for a sample of 120 late-type starswithin 100 pc, and with estimated masses in the range 1-3Msun, based on Hipparcos parallaxes and recent evolutionarymodels. These stars were observed with the ROSAT/PSPC, and the dataprocessed with the Palermo-CfA pipeline, including detection andevaluation of X-ray fluxes (or upper limits) by means of a wavelettransform algorithm. We have studied the evolutionary history of X-rayluminosity and surface flux for stars in selected mass ranges, includingstars with inactive A-type progenitors on the main sequence and lowermass solar-type stars. Our stellar sample suggests a trend of increasingX-ray emission level with age for stars with masses M > 1.5Msun, and a decline for lower-mass stars. A similar behaviorholds for the average coronal temperature, which follows a power-lawcorrelation with the X-ray luminosity, independently of their mass andevolutionary state. We have also studied the relationship between X-rayluminosity and surface rotation rate for stars in the same mass ranges,and how this relationships departs from the Lx ~vrot2 law followed by main-sequence stars. Ourresults are interpreted in terms of a magnetic dynamo whose efficiencydepends on the stellar evolutionary state through the mass-dependentchanges of the stellar internal structure, including the properties ofenvelope convection and the internal rotation profile.
| X-ray emission from A0-F6 spectral type stars
We use the ROSAT public data archive to study the X-ray emission of asample of supposedly single A0-F6 spectral type stars from the BrightStar Catalogue. We detected X-ray emission from 19 A- and 33 F-typestars. However, our results are not sufficient to associate withcertainty the X-ray emission to the A-type stars themselves, since theusual argument that it may originate from a binary companion cannot beexcluded. A spectral analysis was conducted for 14 sources (3 A and 11F), finding that for 12 of them a two temperature thermal plasma modelis needed to reproduce the observed spectra. The two temperatures arecentered at 0.13 and 0.54 keV, respectively. The values found for thehigher temperature are lower than that ones of X-ray selected singlelate-type stars. The X-ray luminosities are in the range LX ~10(28}-10({30)) erg s(-1) , with a distribution similar to that ofactive late-type stars. No correlation is found between LXand B-V color, V sin i and Lbol, while a positive correlationis found between the X-ray luminosity and the hardness ratio.
| The Metal Absorption Systems of the Hubble Deep Field South QSO
The Hubble Deep Field South (HDFS) has been recently selected, and theobservations are planned for 1998 October. We present a high-resolution(FWHM ~= 14 km s^-1) spectrum of the quasar J2233-606 (z_em ~= 2.22),which is located 5.1′ east of the HDFS. The spectrum obtainedwith the New Technology Telescope redward of the Lyalpha emission linecovers the spectral range 4386-8270 Å. This range corresponds toredshift intervals for C iv and Mg ii intervening systems of z =1.83-2.25 and z = 0.57-1.95, respectively. The data reveal the presenceof two complex intervening C iv systems at redshift z = 1.869 and z =1.943, and two complex associated (z_abs ~ z_em) systems. Two other C ivsystems at z = 1.7865 and z = 2.077, suggested by the presence of strongLyalpha lines in low-resolution ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope(HST) observations, have been identified. The system at z = 1.943 isalso responsible for the Lyman limit absorption seen in the HST SpaceTelescope Imaging Spectrograph spectrum. The main goal of the presentwork is to provide astronomers interested in the HDFS program withinformation related to absorbing structures at high redshift, which aredistributed along the nearby QSO line of sight. For this purpose, thereduced spectrum, obtained from 3 hr of integration time, has beenreleased to the astronomical community. Based on observations obtainedduring program 60.B-0381 at the European Southern Observatory on LaSilla, Chile.
| Convection, Thermal Bifurcation, and the Colors of A Stars
Broadband ultraviolet photometry from the TD-1 satellite andlow-dispersion spectra from the short wavelength camera of IUE have beenused to investigate a long-standing proposal of Bohm-Vitense that thenormal main-sequence A and early-F stars may divide into two differenttemperature sequences: (1) a high-temperature branch (and plateau)comprised of slowly rotating convective stars, and (2) a low-temperaturebranch populated by rapidly rotating radiative stars. We find noevidence from either data set to support such a claim, or to confirm theexistence of an "A-star gap" in the B-V color range 0.22 <= B-V <=0.28 due to the sudden onset of convection. We do observe, nonetheless,a large scatter in the 1800--2000 A colors of the A--F stars, whichamounts to ~0.65 mag at a given B-V color index. The scatter is notcaused by interstellar or circumstellar reddening. A convincing case canalso be made against binarity and intrinsic variability due topulsations of delta Sct origin. We find no correlation with establishedchromospheric and coronal proxies of convection, and thus nodemonstrable link to the possible onset of convection among the A--Fstars. The scatter is not instrumental. Approximately 0.4 mag of thescatter is shown to arise from individual differences in surface gravityas well as a moderate spread (factor of ~3) in heavy metal abundance andUV line blanketing. A dispersion of ~0.25 mag remains, which has noclear and obvious explanation. The most likely cause, we believe, is aresidual imprecision in our correction for the spread in metalabundances. However, the existing data do not rule out possiblecontributions from intrinsic stellar variability or from differential UVline blanketing effects owing to a dispersion in microturbulentvelocity.
| The X-Ray Emission of A-Type Stars
From X-ray images in the ROSAT public archives, we determine soft X-rayfluxes, or flux upper limits, for 74 A-type stars, which have beenobserved during deep integrations with the PSPC. Nine supposedly single,late A stars (0.20 < B-V < 0.35) are found to coincide with X-raysources. The X-ray luminosities we infer for these stars range fromlevels comparable to the Active Sun, at log L_x ~27.6, to much brighteremission levels similar to those observed for active late-type binarysystems, near log L_x ~30.1. Another 10 sources are identified withearly A stars (0.0 < B-V < 0.2). Five of these are confirmeddouble stars, the rest are ostensibly single. The maximum luminosity wedetect in the early A stars, log L_x = 30.1, is 3.5 orders of magnitudebrighter than the X-ray upper limits for the nondetected stars.Additional study, including radial velocity monitoring and/or opticalinterferometry, will be needed to determine whether the putativelysingle X-ray emitting stars are in fact single, or whether theiremission is produced entirely or in part by unknown or unresolved binarycompanions. The level of X-ray emission associated with chemicallynormal, single A stars thus far appears to be uncorrelated with anyobvious stellar property, including the rotation rate, which is known togreatly influence the dynamo activity and the X-ray emission levels oflower mass stars. (SECTION: Stars)
| The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST
| Ca II H and K Filter Photometry on the UVBY System. II. The Catalog of Observations
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....109.2828T&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The position corrections of 1400 stars observed with PA II in San Juan.
Not Available
| Second astrolabe catalogue of Santiago.
Positions for 350 FK5 and 164 FK5 Extension stars as determined with theDanjon astrolabe of Santiago and differences astrolabe-catalogue aregiven for Equinox J2000.0 and for the mean observation epoch of eachstar. The average mean error in alpha is +/-0.005s and +/-0.07" indelta. The mean epoch of observation of the catalogue is J1979.96.
| Improved Mean Positions and Proper Motions for the 995 FK4 Sup Stars not Included in the FK5 Extension
Not Available
| A catalog of stellar Lyman-alpha fluxes
We present a catalog of stellar Ly-alpha emission fluxes, based on newand archival images obtained with the IUE spacecraft. The catalogincludes 227 stars with detectable Ly-alpha emission fluxes, and upperlimits on the Ly-alpha emission flux for another 48 stars. Multiple fluxmeasurements are given for 52 stars. We present a model for correctingthe observed Ly-alpha flux for attenuation by the local interstellarmedium, and we apply this model to derive intrinsic Ly-alpha fluxes for149 catalog stars which are located in low H I column density directionsof the local interstellar medium. In our catalog, there are 14 late-Aand early-F stars at B-V = 0.29 or less that show detectable emission atLy-alpha. We find a linear correlation between the intrinsic Ly-alphaflux and C II 1335 A flux for stars with B-V greater than 0.60, but theA and F stars deviate from this relation in the sense that theirLy-alpha flux is too low. We also find a good correlation betweenLy-alpha strength and coronal X-ray emission. This correlation holdsover most of the H-R diagram, even for the F stars, where an X-raydeficit has previously been found relative to the transition regionlines of C II and C IV.
| Optical Polarization of 1000 Stars Within 50-PARSECS from the Sun
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&AS..101..551L&db_key=AST
| Magnetic activity in dwarf stars with shallow convective envelopes
The magnetic activity in dwarf stars with shallow convective envelopesis addressed by studying the C II and soft X-ray surface flux densitiesin relation to the stellar rotation velocity. The C II emission from theacoustically heated basal atmospheric component increases withincreasing T(eff) up to at least B-V about 0.25, reaching a level ofabout 8 x 10 exp 4 erg/sq cm/s for early F-type dwarf stars. Arelationship between rotation rate and level of magnetic activity isfound to extend down to at least B-V about 0.25, although the C IIemission associated with the magnetic activity at B-V = 0.25 issuppressed by a factor of about 100 as compared to stars cooler than B-Vabout 0.60 with the same rotation rate. The suppression of activity isstrongly color-dependent below B-V about 0.60, with the dynamoefficiency leveling off for cooler stars. The radiative lossesassociated with magnetic activity do not show a noticeable dependence oncolor in diagrams relating fluxes from chromosphere and corona for F-,G-, and K-type dwarf stars, suggesting comparable atmospheric structuresfor the magnetic component. The observed mean rotational velocities as afunction of spectral type are shown to be consistent with theassumptions of (1) a reduced dynamo efficiency and (2) a comparablemechanism for angular momentum loss through a stellar wind for allmagnetically active cool stars.
| The onset of chromospheric activity among the A and F stars
Results are reported from a search for an upper boundary for the onsetof main-sequence star activity based on a quest for high-temperature UVline emission in a large collection of IUE spectra. It is shown thatstrong chromospheric emission is common among early F dwarf and subgiantstars. At its brightest, the emission is equal to that of the mostactive solar-type stars and is exceeded only by that of the spotted RSCVn and BY Dra variables. It is suggested that the emission from themain-sequence stars reaches a peak near B-V = 0.28, in the vicinity ofspectral type F0 V, before it declines to lower flux levels among thelate A stars. Emission is seen in some dwarf stars as early as B-V =0.25. It is demonstrated that the C II emission of stars earlier thanthe spectral type F5 is uncorrelated with rotation. Previous findingsthat the coronal X-ray:chromospheric UV flux ratio is lower for starsearlier than spectral type F5 than for those later than F5 areconfirmed.
| The late A-type stars - Refined MK classification, confrontation with Stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation
The MK spectral classification for late A-type stars is refined and theeffects of rotation of spectral classification and uvby(beta) photometryfor these stars are examined. It is found that, for A3 stars, the4417/4481 A wavelength ratio produces results that are inconsistent withthe Stark broadening of the H lines. It is suggested that this ratio isnot useful as a luminosity criterion at any spectral type.Self-consistent sequences of narrow- and broadline standards areestablished. The results of the refined classification system arecompared with Stromgren photometry, showing a set of low-v sin i A-typestars with anomalously large delta(c1) indices for theirluminosity types. It is proposed that these stars are rapid rotatorsseen at fairly low inclination angles.
| An Einstein Observatory X-ray survey of main-sequence stars with shallow convection zones
The results of an X-ray survey of bright late A and early F stars on themain B-V sequence between 0.1 and 0.5 are presented. All the stars wereobserved with the Einstein Observatory for a period of at least 500seconds. The survey results show significantly larger X-ray luminositiesfor the sample binaries than for the single stars. It is suggested thatthe difference is due to the presence of multiple X-ray sources inbinaries. It is shown that the X-ray luminosities for single starsincrease rapidly with increasing color, and that the relation Lx/Lbol isequal to about 10 to the -7th does not hold for A stars. No correlationwas found between X-ray luminosity and projected equatorial rotationvelocity. It is argued on the basis of the observations that X-rayemission in the sample stars originated from coronae. The availableobservational evidence supporting this view is discussed.
| A Note about the Comparison Between the Old and New Slettebak Systems of Axial Rotational Velocities
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1984RMxAA...9....9G&db_key=AST
| The Boehm-Vitense gap in the Geneva photometric system
A gap among A-F stars is searched on the main sequence of differentstellar samples in the photometric space M defined by the four colorindexes U-B1, B1-B2, B2-V1 and V1-G of the Geneva photometric system. Agap is noticed for the field and the eight young open clustersinvestigated when selected stars are not visual or spectroscopicbinaries, and not chemically peculiar. It is shown that this gap isinduced by the existence of two differently oriented star branches in M,the so-called radiative and convective branches. The gap is suggestednot to be only a mere artefact of having previously excluded Am and Apstars but partly due to an abrupt onset of convection in late A stars asproposed by Boehm-Vitense (1970). The locus of the gap's red edgeaccording to B2-V1 with regard to the diffusion region, the lowerinstability strip and the low rotational velocities domain supports theidea that the onset of convection lowers the metallicity, stabilizes thepulsations and brakes the rotation. The locus of the gap's blue edgeseems to be connected with age.
| Absolute luminosity calibration of F stars
Luminosity calibrations are performed for a restricted sample of 706F-type field stars of all luminosity classes and a similarly restrictedsample of 251 main-sequence F stars. The samples are restricted withrespect to values of photometric and metallicity indices, propermotions, radial velocities, and apparent magnitudes. Both linear andsecond-order relations between absolute magnitude and the photometricindices beta, /c1/ or (b-y), /c1/ are considered.These relations are calibrated by the statistical parallax method basedon the principle of maximum likelihood. The possible effect ofinterstellar absorption on the calibration results is investigated alongwith an effect of a photometric correction to the absolute magnitudes.The results obtained are compared with those of Crawford (1975) as wellas with the trigonometric parallaxes. The coefficients of thecalibration relations are derived from the trigonometric parallaxes, andpoor agreement is indicated. It is concluded that the trigonometricparallaxes must be used very carefully and only for nearby stars.
| Optical polarization of stars of galactic latitudes b-45 degres.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976A&AS...23..125S&db_key=AST
| Rotational Velocities and Spectral Types of Some A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972PASP...84..584L&db_key=AST
| Four-colour and H BET photometry of some bright southern stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972MNRAS.159..165S&db_key=AST
| K-Line Photometry of Southern a Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971ApJS...23..421H&db_key=AST
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