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Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry
We present a method to determine effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters and bolometric corrections for population I and II FGKtype stars based on V and 2MASS IR photometry. Accurate calibration isaccomplished by using a sample of solar analogues, whose averagetemperature is assumed to be equal to the solar effective temperature of5777 K. By taking into account all possible sources of error we estimateassociated uncertainties to better than 1% in effective temperature andin the range 1.0-2.5% in angular semi-diameter for unreddened stars.Comparison of our new temperatures with other determinations extractedfrom the literature indicates, in general, remarkably good agreement.These results suggest that the effective temperaure scale of FGK starsis currently established with an accuracy better than 0.5%-1%. Theapplication of the method to a sample of 10 999 dwarfs in the Hipparcoscatalogue allows us to define temperature and bolometric correction (Kband) calibrations as a function of (V-K), [m/H] and log g. Bolometriccorrections in the V and K bands as a function of T_eff, [m/H] and log gare also given. We provide effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters, radii and bolometric corrections in the V and K bandsfor the 10 999 FGK stars in our sample with the correspondinguncertainties.
| WIYN Open Cluster Study. XIX. Main-Sequence-Fitting Distances to Open Clusters Using V-K Color-Magnitude Diagrams
We have combined existing optical magnitudes for stars in seven openclusters and 54 field stars with the corresponding JHKsphotometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). Combining opticalwith near-IR photometry broadens the color baseline, minimizing theinfluence of photometric errors and allowing better discriminationbetween cluster stars and contaminating foreground and backgroundpopulations. The open clusters in this study include NGC 2516, M35, M34,NGC 3532, M37, M67, and NGC 188. The field stars we are using possesshigh-quality Hipparcos parallaxes and well-determined metal abundances,allowing us to empirically determine the dependence of V-K color onmetal abundance in the range -0.45<=[Fe/H]<=+0.35.Using this relation along with the parallaxes of the field stars, we areable to construct an unevolved main sequence in the [MV,(V-K)0] diagram for a specific abundance. These diagrams arethen used to fit to the cluster main sequences in the (V, V-K)color-magnitude diagram in order to estimate a distance for each opencluster. We find that the resultant distances are within the range ofdistances found in the literature via the main-sequence-fittingtechnique. It is hoped that this will spur an expansion of the current(limited) database of star clusters with high-quality V-K photometrydown to the unevolved main sequence.This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All SkySurvey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts andthe Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute ofTechnology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administrationand the National Science Foundation.
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| The open cluster distance scale. A new empirical approach
We present new BV(RI)C photometry for a sample of 54 local Gand K stars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes in the metallicity range-0.4 <= [Fe/H] <= +0.3. We use this sample to develop a completelymodel-independent main sequence (MS) fitting method which we apply to 4open clusters - the Hyades, Praesepe, the Pleiades and NGC 2516 - whichall have direct Hipparcos parallax distance determinations. Comparisonof our MS-fitting results with distances derived from Hipparcosparallaxes enables us to explore whether the discrepancy between theHipparcos distance scale and other MS-fitting methods found for someclusters is a consequence of model assumptions. We find good agreementbetween our results and the Hipparcos ones for the Hyades and Praesepe.For the Pleiades and NGC 2516, when adopting the solar abundancedetermined from spectroscopy, we find significant disagreement at alevel similar to that found by other MS-fitting studies. However, thecolour-colour relationship for both these clusters suggests that theirmetallicity is significantly subsolar. Since the MS-fitting methodrelies on matching the cluster colours to a template MS, we argue that,when applying this method, the appropriate metallicity to adopt is thephotometric subsolar one, not the solar abundance indicated byspectroscopy. Adopting photometric metallicities for all 4 clusters, wefind complete agreement with the Hipparcos results and hence we concludethat the mismatch between the spectroscopic and photometric abundancesfor the Pleiades and NGC 2516 is responsible for the discrepancies indistance estimates found by previous studies. The origin of thismismatch in abundance scales remains an unsolved problem and somepossible causes are discussed.
| F, G and K stars in the ROSAT all-sky survey. I. Photometry
We present accurate BV(RI)_c photometry for a sample of F, G and K starsdetected in selected areas of the ROSAT all-sky survey (RASS). We haveused the photometry, in addition to low-resolution spectroscopy, toestimate spectral classifications, distances and X-ray luminosities. Thelog (L_X / L_V) in the sample lies below -2. Although the samplecontains also nearby, inactive stars, it is dominated by active objects.The median X-ray luminosity in our sample is < L_X > = 29.88 andthe mean value of the hardness ratios = 0.13 +/- 0.35. Wecompare the derived X-ray luminosity function with similar functionsobtained from the serendipitous samples of the Einstein Observatorymedium sensitivity survey (EMSS) and EXOSAT. Our sample is completelyconsistent with the EMSS sample of solar type stars, indicating thatboth our sources and the EMSS sources are representative of the highgalactic latitude X-ray stellar population. We do not find extremelyactive stars (log (L_X) >= 32), as are found in the EMSS sample, andwe argue that these objects are rare. Table 3 is also available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Virgo |
| Right ascension: | 14h51m53.40s |
| Declination: | +02°00'53.5" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.368 |
| Distance: | 38.941 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -5.7 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 34.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.221 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.439 |
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