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Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion
Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binariesin the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motiondifferences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Δμ), accelerations ofproper motions (μ˙), and second derivatives of proper motions(μ̈). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can beestimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs ofastrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significantproper motion differences and the other of binaries with significantaccelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations betweenthe astrometric observables Δμ, μ˙, and μ̈ andthe orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkabledifference between the distribution of spectral types of stars withlarge accelerations but small proper motion differences and that ofstars with large proper motion differences but insignificantaccelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample ofbinaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in theHipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated bysolar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point outthat the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longerthan about 6 yr).
| Orbital Parameters for the Black Hole Binary XTE J1650-500
We present R-band photometry of the X-ray transient and candidate blackhole binary XTE J1650-500 obtained between 2003 May and August with the6.5 m Clay telescope. A timing analysis of these data reveals aphotometric period of 0.3205+/-0.0007 days (i.e., 7.63 hr) with apossible alias at 0.3785 days (9.12 hr). Our photometry completely rulesout the previously published spectroscopic period of 0.212 days (5.09hr). Consequently, we reanalyzed the 15 archival ESO VLT spectra(obtained 2002 June by Sanchez-Fernandez et al.) that were the basis ofthe previously published spectroscopic period. We used a ``rest-framesearch'' technique that is well suited for cases in which thesignal-to-noise ratio of individual spectra is low. For each of roughly1.1 million binary ephemerides, we summed all of the spectra in a trialrest frame of the secondary star, and each rest-frame spectrum wascross-correlated against a template spectrum. We then searched for theset of orbital parameters that produced the strongest cross-correlationvalue. The results confirmed the photometric period of 0.3205 days andruled out the alias period near 0.38 days. The best value for thevelocity semiamplitude of the companion star is K2=435+/-30km s-1, and the corresponding optical mass function isf(M)=2.73+/-0.56 Msolar. The spectral type of the companionstar is not well constrained because we only have six template spectraavailable to us. The K4 V template provides the best match; next-bestmatches are provided by the G5 V and K2 III templates. We also find thatthe accretion disk dominates the light in the R band where the diskfraction is 80% or higher, although this value should be treated withcaution owing to the poor signal-to-noise ratio and the limited numberof templates. The amplitude of the phased R-band light curve is 0.2 mag,which gives a lower limit to the inclination of50deg+/-3deg in the limiting case of nocontribution to the R-band light curve from the accretion disk. If themass ratio of XTE J1650-500 is similar to the mass ratios of other blackhole binaries, such as A0620-00 or GRS 1124-683 (e.g., Q>~10), thenour lower limit to the inclination gives an upper limit to the mass ofthe black hole in XTE J1650-500 of M1<~7.3Msolar. However, the mass can be considerably lower if theR-band flux is dominated by the accretion disk. For example, if theaccretion disk does contribute 80% of the flux, as our preliminaryresults suggest, then the black hole mass would be only about 4Msolar.Based on observations made with the Magellan 6.5 m Clay telescope at LasCampanas Observatory of the Carnegie Institution and with EuropeanSouthern Observatory (ESO) telescopes at the Paranal Observatory underprogram ID 69.D-0644(A).
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| The long-period companions of multiple stars tend to have moderate eccentricities
We examined the statistics of an angle gamma between the radius vectorof a visual companion of a multiple star and the vector of its apparentrelative motion in the system. Its distribution f(gamma ) is related tothe orbital eccentricity distribution in the investigated sample. Wefound that for the wide physical subsystems of the 174 objects from theMultiple Star Catalogue f(gamma ) is bell-shaped. The Monte-Carlosimulations have shown that our f(gamma ) corresponds to the populationof the moderate-eccentricity orbits and is not compatible with thelinear distribution f(e)=2e which follows from stellar dynamics andseems to hold for wide binaries. This points to the absence of highlyelongated orbits among the outer subsystems of multiple stars. Theconstraint of dynamical stability of triple systems is not sufficient toexplain the ``rounded-off'' outer orbits; instead, we speculate that itcan result from the angular momentum exchange in multiple systems duringtheir early evolution.
| Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases
We have investigated the variation of coronal X-ray emission duringearly post-main-sequence phases for a sample of 120 late-type starswithin 100 pc, and with estimated masses in the range 1-3Msun, based on Hipparcos parallaxes and recent evolutionarymodels. These stars were observed with the ROSAT/PSPC, and the dataprocessed with the Palermo-CfA pipeline, including detection andevaluation of X-ray fluxes (or upper limits) by means of a wavelettransform algorithm. We have studied the evolutionary history of X-rayluminosity and surface flux for stars in selected mass ranges, includingstars with inactive A-type progenitors on the main sequence and lowermass solar-type stars. Our stellar sample suggests a trend of increasingX-ray emission level with age for stars with masses M > 1.5Msun, and a decline for lower-mass stars. A similar behaviorholds for the average coronal temperature, which follows a power-lawcorrelation with the X-ray luminosity, independently of their mass andevolutionary state. We have also studied the relationship between X-rayluminosity and surface rotation rate for stars in the same mass ranges,and how this relationships departs from the Lx ~vrot2 law followed by main-sequence stars. Ourresults are interpreted in terms of a magnetic dynamo whose efficiencydepends on the stellar evolutionary state through the mass-dependentchanges of the stellar internal structure, including the properties ofenvelope convection and the internal rotation profile.
| Lithium in population I subgiants
We present a lithium survey for a sample of 91 Pop. I stars. JHKLphotometry was also obtained for 61 stars in the sample. Besides Liabundances, [Fe/H] values were derived. Thanks to Hipparcos parallaxes,we could infer absolute V magnitudes for our sample stars and were ableto place them on the color-magnitude diagram, which allowed us toconstrain their evolutionary status. Masses and ages were derived formost of the stars by comparison with evolutionary tracks. The sample wasoriginally selected so to include class IV stars later thanspectral-type F0, but, based on the location on the color-magnitudediagram, we found a posteriori that a fraction of the stars (about 20%)are either main sequence stars or evolved giants. As it is the case fordwarfs and giants, a large spread in lithium abundance is present amongthe subgiants in our sample. As expected, the average lithium decreasesas the stars evolve along the subgiant branch; however, there is not aone-to-one relationship between the position on the color-magnitudediagram and lithium abundance, and the observed dispersion is onlypartially explainable as due to a dispersion in mass, metallicity, andage. In particular, a dispersion in lithium is seen among slightlyevolved subgiants with masses close to solar but in the sameevolutionary stage as the G2 IV star beta Hyi. The comparison of thebeta Hyi-like sample with a sample of non evolved solar-like starsindeed suggests that beta Hyi has most likely evolved from a mainsequence Li-rich star, rather than from a Li-poor star (like the Sun)that has dredged-up previously stored lithium. Our sample includesseveral stars that have completed the first-dredge up lithium dilution,but that have not yet evolved to the evolutionary point whereextra-mixing in the giant phase is thought to occur. A large number ofthem have Li abundances considerably below the theoretical predictionsof first dredge-up dilution. We confirm that this is due to the factthat the progenitors of these stars are most likely stars that havedepleted lithium while on the main sequence; the fraction of post-dredgeup Li rich/poor stars, in fact, is consistent with the observeddistribution of Li abundances among stars that have just left the mainsequence. The signature of the second mixing (or RGB extra-mixing)episode is evident in the log n(Li) vs. B-V and log n(Li) vs. M_boldistributions of the stars in the sample; it seems however that theextra-mixing occurs at luminosities lower than predicted by the modelsof Charbonnel (1994). Finally, a few evolved giants are found thatshould have passed the second mixing episode, but that do not show signsof it. At least half of them are spectroscopic binaries. Based onobservations carried out at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla,Chile
| Ca II H and K Filter Photometry on the UVBY System. II. The Catalog of Observations
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....109.2828T&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| JHKLM standard stars in the ESO system
A list of 199 standard stars suitable for the ESO standard photometricsystem at JHKLM is given. Faint stars (although brighter than K = 7.7)to be used on larger telescopes are included. This list is based on ananalysis of all infrared photometric observations carried out at LaSilla from 1979 until 1989 inclusive. The accuracy of the data (about0.02 mag. at J, H, K, L, and M) is similar to the one achieved at SAAOand CTIO. Comparisons with these systems, as well as with the AAO andMSSO systems, are made: it is shown that the ESO system is very close tothe other ones, with the exception of CTIOs.
| On the (B-V) colors of the bright stars
The possible causes of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of nearby stars inthe Bright Star Catalog are investigated. The distribution of (B-V)colors is presented for the entire range of spectral classes.Explanations for the dispersion in terms of a nonuniform distribution ofinterstellar absorbing material and a variability of metallicity areaddressed. A new statistical model for reddening by interstellar dustclouds is developed. It is concluded that extinction by nonuniforminterstellar matter is an important contribution to the reddening ofnearby stars, and that a part of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of Kand, possibly, M giants may be due to some unidentified variableproperty of those stars.
| The 'bright stars' with UBV-colors close to those of the sun
A compilation is provided of the main physical characteristics of allstars included in the 'Bright Star Catalogue' (and of four fainterstars), which are quoted to be of luminosity class IV a to V b and whichfulfill one of the following conditions: B-V and U-B are close to thesolar values; B-V and spectral type are close to the solar values, whileU-B is unknown; the BSC-spectral type is G2V, but B-V and/or U-B differappreciably from the solar values. The compilation is given tofacilitate the selection of stars which are most suited to serve as asun's proxy in the night-sky or which even can be considered as a 'solaranalog' in as many desired aspects as possible.
| Catalogue of the energy distribution data in spectra of stars in the uniform spectrophotometric system.
Not Available
| Visual measurements of southern double stars
A double-star observing program is described which has been started atCordoba with a 30 cm refractor. Usually neglected Index Catalog ofVisual Double Stars (IDS) pairs south of -60 deg are selected forobservation, most of them having been measured only one or two timespreviously. A total of 174 micrometric observations of 78 wide pairs arepresented together with a few measurements of 9 double stars not foundin the IDS. Also reported is a list of 135 additional measurements of 26test stars. By comparison with all earlier observations, an estimate forthe personal equation has been made, which is applied in combinationwith catalogue proper motions to investigate the nature of many of thesepairs.
| Near infrared photometry. I - Homogenization of near-infrared data from southern bright stars
A single homogeneous data set containing near-infrared (JHKLM)photometry of bright stars in the Southern Hemisphere obtained fromdifferent sources is constructed based on the use of the Johnson systemas a standard. Data for 203 stars in the J, H, K and L bands and 87stars in the M band from the lists of Glass (1974), Engels et al.(1981), Wamsteker (1981) and Allen (1981, 1982) was combined bycomparison with the list of Johnson, followed by transformation into theJohnson J and K bands, the H band of Glass and Allen, an L band similarto that of Johnson but having the zero point of Glass, and the M band ofEngels. Average colors and spectral types are also obtained. The presentlist may be used to provide calibration objects in the range 1.2 to 5microns covering a wide range in color and brightness.
| The sun among the stars. V - A second search for solar spectral analogs: The Hyades' distance
A five-part search for a match of the solar spectrum throughout the sky,down to the limit of the Bright Star Catalog, is completed by 20A-resolution comparisons of G-type star photoelectric violet spectrawith those of Jupiter satellites and the blue sky. It is confirmed thatsolar analogs are rare. The strengths, relative to the sun, of theabsorption features at 3850 and 3740 A are measured quantitatively forall 164 stars observed. Their dependence on B-V and U-V leads to thesame solar colors previously derived from the solar analogs alone, withB-V equals 0.66 and U-B equals 0.20. Giants and subgiants are excludedfrom consideration, and stellar metal content dependence was closelyobserved. The sun is found to fit the mass-luminosity relation of theHyades within 0.16 m, independent of the assumed helium abundance, ifevolutionary and metal abundance effects are taken into account.
| Infrared Observations of Southern Bright Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1981A&AS...45....5E&db_key=AST
| Intermediate-band photometry of late-type stars. VI - Main-sequence stars near the sun. VII - The HR 1614 group of overabundant stars
Intermediate-band photometry of a complete sample of dwarfs in the solarneighborhood has been undertaken. The photometry of the main-sequencestars is employed to determine the space velocity and metal abundancedistribution near the sun. In comparison with Hyades stars, 12% of thespecimens are overabundant, with the largest percentage, 39%, havingabout one-half the solar abundance. Old disk dwarfs of type G, which maybe given the spectroscopic classification of mild CH in some extremecases, are given particular attention. The multiple system Herschel2621, which may prove important for understanding advanced evolutionaryprocesses, is also discussed.
| The sun among the stars. I - A search for solar spectral analogs
A total of 77 solar-type stars in parts of the northern and southernskies have been photoelectrically scanned with 20-A resolution to findstars whose ultraviolet spectra (3640-4100 A) match that of the sun.Down to a V magnitude of 6.6 there seem to be only two: HR 7504 in theNorthern and HR 2290 in the Southern Hemisphere. No G2V star matches thesun; they all have weaker ultraviolet absorptions, most of them muchweaker. Stars that do match have B-V of 0.66 magnitude. The search showsthat G-type dwarfs are hotter than was thought before by manyresearchers, which has important consequences for metal abundancesderived with respect to the sun.
| A study of visual binaries having primaries above the main sequence.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1960AJ.....65...60S&db_key=AST
| Fundamental data for southern stars (First list)
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1957MNRAS.117..534E&db_key=AST
| Stars, Parallax of : Stellar parallaxes determined photogrphically at the Cape Observatory (seventeenth list)
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